The
Role of Glutathione GSH in Health, Disease and Aging In People and Animals
How
Immunocal Can Raise Glutathione GSH Level in Our Cells and Optimize The
Immune System
USE OF THIS SITE SIGNIFIES YOUR AGREEMENT TO THE DISCLAIMER The Role of Glutathione GSH in Health, Disease and Aging In People and Animals
How Immunocal Can Raise Glutathione GSH Level in Our Cells and Optimize The Immune System
Whey
Proteins In Cancer Prevention G.
Bounous*, G. Batist** and P. Gold*** *Professor of Surgery, McGill University, and Career Investigator of the Medical Research Council of Canada, **Director, Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, McGill University, ***Chairman, Department of Medicine, McGill University, and Physician-in-Chief, The Montreal General Hospital. ABSTRACT–
Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that dietary milk products
may exert an inhibitory effect on the development of several types of tumors.Some
recent experiments in rodents indicate that the antitumor activity of the
dairy products is in the protein fraction and more specifically in the
whey protein component of milk.We
and others have demonstrated that whey protein diets result in increased
glutathione (GSH) concentration in a number of tissues, and that some of
the beneficial effects of whey protein intake are abrogated by inhibition
of GSH synthesis.Whey protein is
particularly rich in substrates for GSH synthesis.We
suggest that whey protein may be exerting its effect on carcinogenesis
by enhancing GSH concentration.
TOP
OF PAGE
Tumor
Biol 11: 129-136, 1990 Dietary
Milk Proteins Inhibit the Development of Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Malignancy R.
Papenburga, G. Bounousa, D. Fleiszera,
P. Goldb Departments of aSurgery and bMedicine, The Montreal General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ABSTRACT – This study investigated the influence of two formula diets containing 20 g/100 g diet of either whey protein concentrate or casein, or Purina mouse chow on 1,2dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinoma in A/J mice.Four weeks after the 24th DMH treatment the incidence of tumour and tumour area in the whey protein-fed mice was substantially less in comparison to either the casein or Purina groups.The Purina group exhibited the greatest tumour burden.At the end of the experiment all animals continuously fed the Immunocal whey protein diet were found to be alive, whereas 33% of those on the casein or Purina diet had died.Animals fed Purina diet for 20 weeks and then switched to either milk protein diet for a further 8 weeks exhibited a decrease in tumour burden as compared to those animals fed the Purina diet continuously.Body weights were similar in all dietary groups.In conclusion, a whey protein diet appears to significantly influence the development of chemically induced colon tumours and the short-term survival of mice. Clin
Invest Med, 12:
343-349, 1989 The
Influence Of Dietary Whey Protein On Tissue
Gustavo
Bounous1,2, Francine Gervais1,3, Victor Amer1,3,
Gerald Batist3, and Phil Gold1,3 The Montreal General Hospital Research Institute1 and McGill University, Departments of Surgery2, and Medicine3 ABSTRACT – This study compared the effects of a whey-rich diet (20 g / 100 g diet), with that of Purina mouse chow or casein-rich diet (20 g / 100 g diet), on the liver and heart glutathione content and on the survival of old male C57BL / 6 NIA mice.The study was performed during a limited observation period of 6.3 months.In mice fed the whey protein-rich diet between 17 months and 20 months of age, the heart tissue and liver tissue glutathione content were enhanced above the corresponding values of the casein diet-fed and Purina-fed mice.Mice fed the whey protein diet at the onset of senescence, exhibited increased longevity as compared to mice fed Purina mouse chow over the 6.3 month observation period extending from the age of 21 months (corresponding to a human age of 55 years) to 26-27 months of age (corresponding to a human age of 80 years), during which time 55% mortality was observed.The corresponding mean survival time of mice fed the defined casein diet is almost identical to that of Purina-fed controls.Body weight curves were similar in all three dietary groups.Hence, a whey protein diet appears to enhance the liver and heart glutathione concentration in aging mice and to increase longevity over a 6.3 month observation period. Clin
Invest Med, 12: 154-61, 1989 Immunoenhancing
Property Of Dietary Whey Protein In Mice: Role Of Glutathione G.
Bounous, G. Batist, P. Gold Montreal General Hospital, Quebec ABSTRACT – The spleen cells immune response to sheep red blood cells of C3H/HeJ mice fed a 20 g whey protein/100 g diet is substantially higher than that of mice fed an equivalent casein diet of similar nutritional efficiency.The present study indicates that the observed immunoenhancing effect of the whey protein mixture is dependent on the overall amino acid pattern resulting from the contribution of all its protein components.Whey protein contains substantially more cysteine than casein.Dietary cysteine is considered to be a rate limiting substrate for the synthesis of glutathione which is necessary for lymphocyte proliferation.Our studies show that enhancement of host humoral immune response is associated with greater and more sustained production of splenic glutathione during the antigen driven clonal expansion of the lymphocyte in whey protein fed mice in comparison to mice fed the equivalent casein or the cysteine-enriched casein diet.Hence the efficiency of dietary cysteine in inducing supernormal glutathione levels is greater when it is delivered in the whey protein than as free cysteine.Administration of S-(n-butyl) homocysteine sulfoximine, which reduces splenic glutathione level by half, producesa 4-5 fold drop in the humoral immune response of whey protein diet-fed mice.This is further evidence of the important role of glutathione in the immunoenhancing effect of dietary whey protein. Clinical
and Investigative Medicine, Vol. 11,.No. 4,.pp
271-278,. 1988. The
Immunoenhancing Property Of Dietary Whey
Gustavo
Bounous1,2, Patricia A.L. Kongshavn1,3 and Phil Gold1,4 1The
Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, 2[)epartments
of Surgery, 3Physiology, and 4Medicine,
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (Original manuscript submitted October 22, 1987: accepted in revised form January 25, 1988) ABSTRACT
- The plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells was found to
be enhanced in mice fed a formula diet containing 20 g lactalbumin /100
g diet in comparison to mice fed equivalent formula diets of similar nutritional
efficiency containing 20 g / 100 g diet of either casein, soy, wheat or
corn protein, egg albumin, beef or fish protein, Spirulina maxima, or
Scenedesmus
protein, or Purina mouse chow.This
effect was manifest after 2 weeks and persisted for at least 8 weeks of
dietary treatment. Mixing lactalbumin with either casein or soy protein
in a 20 g protein / 100 g diet formula significantly enhanced the immune
response in comparison to that of mice fed diets containing 20% soy protein
or casein. Clin
Inv Med, 11: 213-217, 1988 Dietary
Whey Protein Inhibits the Development of Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Malignancy G.
Bounous*, R. Papenburg*, P.A.L Kongshavn**, P. Gold†, and D. Fleiszer* Departments of Surgery*, Physiology**, and Medicine†, Montreal General Hospital and McGill University ABSTRACT
– This study investigates the influence of two formula diets containing
20 g/100 g diet of either whey protein concentrate or casein or Purina
mouse chow, on the humoral immune responsiveness and dimethylhydrazine
induced colon carcinogenesis in A/J mice.After
20 weeks of dimethylhydrazine treatment, the number of plaque forming cells
per spleen, following intravenous inoculation with 5 x 106 sheep
red blood cells, was nearly three times greater in the whey protein-fed
group than in the casein-fed mice although both values were substantially
below normal.After 24 weeks of dimethylhydrazine
treatment the incidence of tumors in the whey protein-fed mice was substantially
lower than that in mice fed either the casein or Purina diet.Similarly,
the tumor area was less in the whey protein group in comparison to either
the casein or Purina groups, with some difference between casein and Purina
groups.Body weight curves were similar
in all dietary groups. In conclusion, a whey protein diet appears to significantly inhibit the incidence and growth of chemically induced colon tumors in mice. J.
Nutr. 115: 1409-1417, 1985 Mechanism
Of Altered B-Cell Response Induced By Changes In Dietary Protein Type In
Mice G.
Bounous, N. Shenouda,* P.A.L. Kongshavn† and D.G. Osmond* Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4; *Department of Anatomy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B2; and †Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B2 ABSTRACT–
The effect of 20 g/100 g dietary lactalbumin (L) or casein (C) diets or
a nonpurified (NP) diet on the immune responsiveness of C57B1/6J, C3H/HeJ
and BALB/cJ mice has been investigated by measuring the response to the
T cell-independent antigen, TNP-Ficoll.To
investigate the possible influence of dietary protein type on the supply
of B lymphocytes, bone marrow lymphocyte production has been examined by
a radioautographic assay of small lymphocyte renewal and an immuno-fluorescent
stathmokinetic assay of pre-B cells and their proliferation.The
humoral response of all mice fed the L diet was found to be higher than
that of mice fed the C diet or non purified diet.A
similar pattern of dietary protein effect in (CBA/N x DBA/2J) F1
mice carrying the xid defect was observed following challenge with
sheep red blood cells (SRBC).An
even greater enhancing effect of dietary L was noted in normal (DBA/2J
x CBA/N) F1 mice after immunization with SRBC, but in contrast,
the normal large-scale production of B lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow
was independent of the type of dietary protein.Dietary
protein type did not affect blood level of minerals and trace metals.The
free plasma amino acid profile essentially conformed to the amino acid
composition of the ingested protein, suggesting that the changes in plasma
amino acid profile might be a crucial factor in diet-dependent enhancement
or depression of the B-cell response.The
findings indicate that the observed effects of altered dietary protein
type on humoral immune responsiveness are not exerted centrally on the
rate of primary B-lymphocyte production in the bone marrow, but may reflect
changes either in the functional responsiveness of the B lymphocytes themselves
or in the processes leading to their activation and differentiation in
the peripheral lymphoid tissues. J.
Nutr. 115: 1403-1408, 1985. Differential
Effect of Dietary Protein Type on the B-Cell and
T-Cell Immune Responses in Mice Gustavo
Bounous and Patricia A.L. Kongshavn* Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4 and *Montreal General Hospital Research Institute and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6 ABSTRACT – The effect of 20 g/100 g diet of lactalbumin (L), casein (C), soy (S) and wheat (W) protein on the immune responsiveness of C3H/HeN mice has been investigated by measuring the humoral immune response to the T cell-independent antigen, TNP-Ficoll.The humoral immune response of mice fed the L diet was found to be higher than that of mice fed the C, S and W diets.On the other hand, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and splenic cell mitogen responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A did not differ among mice fed the various diets.Similarly, the type of diet did not appear to influence host resistance to Salmonella typhymurium.It is postulated that the type of protein in the diet influences directly the intrinsic capacity of the B lymphocytes to respond to an immunogenic stimulus. J.
Nutr. 113: 1415-1421, 1983 Influence
Of Dietary Protein Type On The Immune
G.
Bounous, L. Létourneau and P.A.L. Kongshavn† Centre hospitalier universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; J1H 5N4 and †Montreal General Hospital Research Institute and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6 ABSTRACT–
The effect of graded amounts of dietary lactalbumin (L), casein (C), soy
(S), wheat (W) protein and Purina rodent chow (stock diet) on the immune
responsiveness of C3H/HeN mice has been investigated by measuring the specific
humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and horse red
blood cells (HRBC) as well as the nonspecific splenic cell responsiveness
to phyto-hemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) after stimulation
with Myco-bacterium bovis, strain BCG.The
nutritional efficiency of these diets was normal and similar.The
immune response of mice fed the L diets, was found to be almost five times
higher than that of mice fed the corresponding C diets.The
humoral immune response of mice fed C, S, and W diets was substantially
lower than that of mice fed stock diet, whereas that of mice fed L diet
was higher.The above-described immune
effect of all tested proteins was obtained at 20 g/100 g concentration
with no further increments with 30- and 40 g/100 g protein in the diet.Mitogen
responsiveness to PHA and Con A in L diet-fed mice was only slightly higher
than that of C diet-fed mice.Little
difference in immune responses was noted among mice fed C, S or W protein
diets.The principal factor responsible
for the observed immune effect does not appear to be the availability or
concentration of single essential amino acids but rather the composite
effect of the specific amino acid distribution in the protein.
Enhancing
Effect of Patented Whey Protein Isolate (IMMUNOCAL)
on the Cytotoxicity of Anti-cancer Drug Wayne
Y. Tsai, Wen-Huei Chang, Ching-Hsein Chen, and Fung-Jou Lu Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. ABSTRACT
– To determine the enhancing effect of a whey protein isolate on the cytotoxicity
of a potential anti-cancer drug. baicalein, human hepatoma cell line HepG2
was assigned to grow in different media for four days, followed by the
investigation of cell growth and apoptosis. Excluding the control group
with normal medium, other three treatment media included whey protein isolate
(marketed as Immunocal)
medium, baicalein medium, and combined medium containing both Irnmunocal
and baicalein.MTT assay indicated
that cells grew in combined medium had a significantly lower survival rate
compared to the cells grew in baicalein medium; in contrast, for the cells
grew in Immunocal group,
there was no significant difference on survival rate. In the investigation
of apoptosis. compared to the cells in baicalein medium, cells in combined
medium showed a higher phosphatidylserine exposure, lower rnitochondrial
transmembrane potential and nearly 13 times more cells were detected undergoing
apoptosis. We also demonstrated that Immunocal
was able to reduce glutathione in HepG2 by 20% to 40% and regulated the
elevation of glutathione, which was in response to baicalein. In conclusion, Immunocal
seemed to enhance the cytotoxicity of baicalein by inducing more apoptosis,
this increase in apoptotic cells may be in association with the depletion
of GSH in HepG2. This is the first study to demonstrate, in vitro, that Immunocal
may function as an adjuvant in cancer treatments. Oxidative
Stress in Cancer, AIDS, and Neurodegenerative Diseases – Luc Montagnier
et al., (Ed.) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York: 447-461, 1998 Nutriceutical
Modulation Of Glutathione With A Humanized Native Milk Serum Protein Isolate, Immunocal:
Application
S.
Baruchel*, G. Viau*, R. Olivier**, G. Bounous***, M.A. Wainberg**** *McGill University – Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, **Pasteur Institute Paris, France, ***Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, ****Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ABSTRACT
– The biological activity of the proteins isolated from cow’s milk inImmunocal
depends
on the preservation of those labile proteins which share with the predominant
human milk proteins the same extremely rare glutathione (GSH)-promoting
components.Cellular GSH depletion
has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of degenerative conditions
and disease states including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, arteriosclerosis,
cataracts, cystic fibrosis, malnutrition, aging, AIDS, and cancer. This newly discovered nutriceutical modulation of GSH by the use of humanized native milk serum protein isolate of bovine origin in AIDS and cancer may well find other applications in disease where oxidative stress and pathology of GSH metabolism are largely implicated.In a pilot study, this type of whey protein concentrate was found to be well tolerated in children with AIDS and wasting syndrome and was found associated with an improvement of the nutritional status of the patient.Moreover, the GSH promoting activity on the peripheral blood lymphocyte of this protein concentrate was validated in patients with initial low GSH levels.Extensive pharmaco-epidemiological study of GSH metabolism and standardized methods of measurement of intracellular GSH applicable in clinical trials are needed in order to better define the clinical application of this new type of therapy. |
Article No. mehy. 1998.0780 Competition
For Glutathione Precursors Between The Immune System And The Skeletal Muscle:Pathogenesis
Of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome G.
Bounous1, J Molson2 1Former
Professor, Department of Surgery, McGill University, and career Investigation
Summary
- The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is typically associated or follows
a recognized or presumed infection.Abnormalities
of both humoral and cellular immunity have been demonstrated in a substantial
proportion of patients with CFS. The most consistent findings are of impaired
lymphocyte responses to mitogen. As an antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) is
essential for allowing the lymphocyte to express its full potential without
being hampered by oxiradical accumulation. Hence, protracted challenge
of the immunocytes may lead to cellular GSH depletion. Because GSH is also
essential to aerobic muscular contraction, an undesirable competition for
GSH precursors between the immune and muscular systems may develop.It
is conceivable that the priority of the immune system for the survival
of the host has drawn to this vital area the ever-diminishing GSH precursors,
thus depriving the skeletal muscle of adequate GSH precursors to sustain
a normal aerobic metabolism resulting in fatigue and eventually myalgia.
© 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. Anticancer Research 15: 2643-2650, 1995 The
Use of a Whey Protein Concentrate in the Treatment of Patients with metastatic
Carcinoma: A Phase I-II Clinical Study RENEE
S. KENNEDY1, GEORGE P. KONOK1, GUSTAVO BOUNOUS2,
SYLVAIN BARUCHEL3
1Department
of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia:
ABSTRACT -Glutathione (GSH) concentration is high in most tumor cells and this may be an important factor in resistance to chemotherapy.Previous in-vitro and animal experiments have shown a differential response of tumor versus normal cells to various cysteine delivery systems.More specifically, an in-vitro assay showed that at concentrations that induce GSH synthesis in normal human cells, a specially prepared whey protein concentrate, Immunocal™, caused GSH depletion and inhibition of proliferation in human breast cancer cells.On the basis of this information five patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast, one of the pancreas and one of the liver were fed 30 grams of this whey protein concentrate daily for six months.In six patients the blood lymphocyte GSH levels were substantially above normal at the outset, reflecting high tumor GSH levels.Two patients (#1, #3) exhibited signs of tumor regression, normalization of haemoglobin and peripheral lymphocyte counts and a sustained drop of lymphocyte GSH levels towards normal.Two patients (#2, #7) showed stabilization of the tumor, increased haemoglobin levels.In three patients (#4, #5, #6) the disease progressed with a trend toward higher lymphocyte GSH levels.These results indicate that whey protein concentrate might deplete tumor cells of GSH and render than more vulnerable to chemotherapy.
Whey
Proteins As A Food Supplement In
G.
Bounous, S. Baruchel, J. Falutz, P. Gold
ABSTRACT–
On the basis of numerous animal experiments, a pilot study was undertaken
to evaluate the effect of undenatured, biologically active, dietary whey
protein in 3 HIV-seropositive individuals over a period of 3 months.Whey
protein concentrate was prepared so that the most thermosensitive proteins,
such as serum albumin which contains 6 glutamylcysteine groups, would be
in undenatured form.Whey protein
powder dissolved in a drink of the patient’s choice was drunk cold in quantities
that were increased progressively from 8.4 to 39.2 g per day.Patients
took whey proteins without adverse side effects.In
the 3 patients whose body weight had been stable in the preceding 2 months,
weight gain increased progressively between 2 and 7 kg, with 2 of the patients
reaching ideal body weight.Serum
proteins, including albumin, remained unchanged and within normal range,
indicating that protein replenishment per se was not likely the cause of
increased body weight.The glutathione
content of the blood mononuclear cells was, as expected, below normal values
in all patients at the beginning of the study.Over
the 3-month period, GSH levels increased and in one case rose by 70% to
reach normal value.The increase
in body weight observed in these patients did not correlate with increase
in energy or protein intake. In
conclusion, these preliminary data indicate that, in patients who maintain
an adequate total caloric intake, the addition of “Immunocal bioactive”
whey protein concentrate as a significant portion of total protein intake
increases body weight and shows elevation of glutathione (GSH) content
of mononuclear cells toward normal levels.This
pilot study will serve as a basis for a much larger clinical trial Clin
Invest Med, 14: 296-309, 1991 The
Biological Activity Of Undenatured Dietary
G.
Bounous, P. Gold Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, Research Institute, Quebec ABSTRACT – This study compared the effects of different sources of whey protein concentrate (20 g/100 g diet) and of casein on the spleen, liver, and heart glutathione content of C3H/HeJ mice, and on the immune response of their spleen cells to sheep red blood cells.Body weight curves were similar in all dietary groups.Our data indicate that the humoral immune response is highest in mice fed a dietary whey protein concentrate exhibiting the highest solubility (undenatured conformation) and a greater relative concentration of the thermolabile cystine rich proteins.In addition, the mice fed this type of whey protein concentrate exhibit higher levels of tissue glutathione.The presence in the serum albumin fraction of glutamylcysteine groups (rare in food protein) and the specific intramolecular bond as related to the undenatured conformation of the molecule are considered to be key factors in the glutathione-promoting activity of the protein mixture.
Changes
in Biliary Secretory Immunoglobulins A
Costantino AM, Balzola F, Bounous G. A whey protein diet has been shown to enhance splenic immune response to sheep red blood cells (SBRC) in mice.This study was designed to investigate the influence of the type of dietary protein on the biliary secretory IgA.A/J mice were fed defined formula diets containing either 20% whey protein, or 20% casein.Another group was fed Purina mouse chow.After 3 weeks of dietary treatment the body weight of each mouse was recorded and the gall-bladder was removed and its whole content analyzed by ELISA to determine S-IgA secretion.Body weight curves were similar in all dietary groups; higher biliary levels of S-IgA appeared in the whey protein fed mice than in the casein (p less than 0.025) or purine (p less than 0.025) fed mice.Dietary protein type may have a direct influence on the immune response in the gastrointestinal tract, without affecting body weight. Oxidative
Stress, Cell Activation and Viral infection ·
C. Pasquier et al. (eds) ·Ó1994
Birkhäuser Verlag Basel/Switzerland Place
For An Antioxidant Therapy In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection S.
Baruchel1,2 G. Bounous2, P. Gold2 1McGill University, Dept. of Pediatrics; McGill AIDS Centre. Montreal. Qc. H3H 1P3, Canada 2 McGill University, Dept of Medicine; McGill AIDS Centre. Montreal. Qc. H3G 1A4, Canada SUMMARY- Oxidative stress, a known activator of HIV replication in vitro, has a potential role as a cofactor of HIV disease progression. Arguments supporting the role of oxidative stress as a cofactor in HIV activation are summarized in this review. The role of intracellular antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), and drugs and nutriceutical agents promoting GSH synthesis, are discussed. The review also includes the early results of nutritional interventions based on a diet enriched with IMMUNOCAL, a whey protein concentrate prepared in a proprietary manner.
Vol. 112, no. 9, September 1982 © The American Institute of Nutrition 1982 Influence
Of Dietary Proteins On The Immune
G.
Bounous2o and PAL Kongshavn† oCentre Hospitalier Universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4 and †Montreal General Hospital Research Institute and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6 ABSTRACT-
The effect of graded amounts of dietary laetalbumin (L) and casein (C)
hydrolyzates on the immune responsiveness of C3H/HeN and DBA/2 strain mice
has been investigated by measuring both the specific humoral immune response
to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the nonspecific splenic cell responsiveness
to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
after stimulation with Mycobacteriurn
bovis, strain BCG.
The nutritional efficiency of these diets was similar at both 12 and 28%
amino acid levels. The immune responses of mice fed the L diets were found
to be significantly greater than those of mice fed the corresponding C
diets, especially at the 28% level. Furthermore in the mice fed L diet,
increasing the concentration of amino acid in the diet from 12 to 28% greatly
enhanced immune responsiveness by both parameters measured. In the C-fed
mice, a comparable enhancement of mitogen responsiveness with increasing
amino acid level of diet was seen, but there was no change in the humoral
immune response. The enhancement of immune responsiveness observed in mice
fed the 28% L diet was moderately reduced by the addition of phenylalanine
to the diet, indicating that the lower level of this amino acid in the
L protein may be of some significance. These dietary effects on immune
responsiveness were remarkably similar in both mouse strains tested. The
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 144: 281,
1981 Influence
Of Dietary Lactalbumin Hydrolysate On The Immune System Of Mice And Resistance
To Salmonellosis G.
Bounous, M.M. Stevenson*, P.A.L. Kongshavn† Centre hospitalier universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; *Montreal General Hospital Research Institute and †McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ABSTRACT
– In the present study we investigated the effect of four weeks of treatment
with a diet containing lactalbumin hydrolysate (LAH: Nestlé, Vevey,
Switzerland) on the immune response of C3H/HeN mice.Our
data indicate that it was possible to increase the level of this type of
protein in the diet above the minimum requirement (12% LAH) and thus produce
augmented humoral immune responsiveness and resistance to salmonellosis. Lactalbumin = Whey Protein Concentrate Journal
of Applied Physiology, 87: 1381-1385, 1999 The
Effect Of Supplementation With A Cysteine Donor
LC
Lands, MD, PhD*†, VL Grey, PhD†‡, AA Smountas, BSc* *Division of Respiratory Medicine, † Department of Pediatrics, ‡Department of Biochemistry, McGill University Health Centre-Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress contributes to muscular fatigue.Glutathione (GSH) is the major intracellular antioxidant, whose biosynthesis is dependent upon cysteine availability.We hypothesized that supplementation with a whey-based cysteine donor (Immunocal (HMS90)) designed to augment intracellular GSH, would enhance performance.Twenty healthy young adults (10 m) were studied pre- and 3 months post-supplementation with either Immunocal (20 gm/day) or casein placebo.Muscular performance was assessed by whole leg isokinetic cycle testing, measuring Peak Power and 30-sec Work Capacity.Lymphocyte GSH was used as a marker of tissue GSH.There were no baseline differences (age, ht, wt, % ideal wt, Peak Power, 30-sec Work Capacity).Follow-up data on 18 subjects (9 Immunocal, 9 placebo) were analyzed.Both Peak Power (mean±se: 13±3.5%, p<0.02) and 30-sec Work Capacity (13±3.7%, p<0.03) increased significantly in the Immunocal group, with no change (2±9.0 and 1±9.3%) in the placebo group.Lymphocyte GSH also increased significantly in the Immunocal group (35.5±11.04%, p<0.02) with no change in the placebo group (-0.9±9.6%).This is the first study to demonstrate that prolonged supplementation with a product designed to augment antioxidant defenses resulted in improved volitional performance. Accepted
for publication in “Chest” Treatment Of Obstructive Airway Disease With A Cysteine Donor Protein Supplement: A Case Report *Department
of Pediatrics, †Department of Biochemistry, §Division of Respiratory
Medicine, McGill University Health Centre-Montreal Children’s Hospital,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada ‡Division of Respiratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre-Royal Victoria Hospita, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ABSTRACT - Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance can occur in obstructive airways disease, as a result of ongoing inflammation.Glutathione plays a major role in pulmonary antioxidant protection.As an alternative or complement to anti-inflammatory therapy, augmenting antioxidant protection could diminish the effects of inflammation.We describe a case of a patient with obstructive lung disease, responsive to corticosteroids, with low whole blood glutathione levels.Following one month of supplementation with a whey-based oral supplement, designed to provide glutathione precursors, whole blood glutathione levels and pulmonary function significantly and dramatically increased.The potential for such supplementation in pulmonary inflammatory conditions deserves further study.
PR514 Treatment
Of Chronic Hepatitis Using
A. Watanabe, K. Higuchi, K. Okada, Y. Shimizu, Y. Kondo* and H. Kohri* Department
of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama,
Japan, and * Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Nutrition Research Institute,
Tokushima. Japan. In an open study, the clinical efficacy of whey protein (Immunocal: cysteine content; 7.6-fold that of casein) isolated from fresh milk and purified without being heated was evaluated based on liver function test, immunological parameters, plasma or lymphocyte GSH concentrations and hepatitis virus markers in 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. Immunocal (12 g as protein) food (mousse) was given twice a day, in the morning and evening, for 12 weeks (test period).Casein (12 g as protein) food (mousse) was given for 2 weeks prior to the start of -supplement with Immunocal food (induction period) and for 4 weeks after the end (follow-up period). The effects of Immunocal food on various clinical parameters were examined at 4-week intervals for 18 weeks to evaluate the efficacy of Immunocal. As a result, serum ALT activity decreased in 6 of 8 patients with chronic hepatitis B 12 weeks after the start of supplement with Immunocal food. Plasma GSH concentrations were increased in 5 of the 8 patients. Serum . concentrations of lipid peroxides significantly decreased 8 weeks after Immunocal food. Serum IL-2 levels began to increase 8 weeks and remained high even after supplement with Immunocal -food had ended. Furthermore, NK activity was significantly increased. However, an item correlating with reduced serum ALT activity could not be clarified. In 17 patients with chronic hepatitis C, there wore no significant Immunocal-related changes in liver function test or immunological parameters. These findings suggest that long-term supplement with Immunocal alone may be effective for patients with chronic hepatitis B, and a further clinical study that long-term combination therapy with Immunocal and other agents including interferon may be effective for those with chronic hepatitis C should be performed. Anticancer Research 20: 4785-4792, 2000. Whey
Protein Concentrate (WPC) and Glutathione Modulation in Cancer Treatment Gustavo Bounous, M.D., F.R.C.S. (C) ABSTRACT- The glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system is foremost among the cellular protective mechanisms.Depletion of this small molecule is a common consequence of increased formation of reactive oxygen species during increased cellular activities.This phenomenon can occur in the lymphocytes during the development of the immune response and in the muscular cells during strenuous exercise.It is not surprising that so much research has been done, and is still being done on this small tripeptide molecule. Whey protein concentrate has been shown to represent an effective and safe cysteine donor for GSH replenishment during GSH depletion in immune deficiency states.Cysteine is the crucial limiting amino acid for intracellular GSH synthesis.Animal experiments showed that the concentrates of whey proteins also exhibit anti-carcinogenesis and anticancer activity.They do this via their effect on increasing GSH concentration in relevant tissues, and may have anti-tumor effect on low volume of tumor via stimulation of immunity through the GSH pathway.It is considered that oxygen radical generation is frequently a critical step in carcinogenesis, hence the effect of GSH on free radicals as well as carcinogen detoxification, could be important in inhibiting carcinogenesis induced by a number of different mechanisms.Case reports are presented which strongly suggest an anti-tumor effect of a whey protein dietary supplement in some urogenital cancers.This non toxic dietary intervention, which is not based on the principles of current cancer chemotherapy, will hopefully attract the attention of laboratory and clinical oncologists.
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